主讲人：全海涛，北京大学教授
时 间：2025年11月14日14：30
地 点：物电学院A栋335
联系人：李福祥
讲座摘要：According to the maximum work principle, the average work spent during a driving process is always larger than the free energy difference associated with the initial and the final work parameters. Previously, it has been known that the excess work spent during a nonequilibrium driving process is proportional to the driving speed v in the isothermal processes, and proportional to the square of the driving speed v^{2} in the adiabatic processes, respectively. However, if quenching a system across a phase transition point, the excess work will exhibit various scaling behaviors with the quenching speed. When the system is quenched across a first-order phase transition, where hysteresis and metastable states makes the problem very involved, it is found that the excess work (enclosed area between the dynamical and static hysteresis) exhibits universal scaling behavior v^{2/3}. I will discuss the scaling relations of excess work in these situations and the crossovers between them when downsizing the system.
主讲人简介：全海涛，北京大学博雅特聘教授。2002年毕业于中南大学，获学士学位；2007年毕业于中国科学院理论物理研究所，获博士学位。2007年至2012年分别在美国能源部洛斯阿拉莫斯国家实验室和马里兰大学从事博士后研究。2012年入职北京大学物理学院，2019年起任北京大学博雅特聘教授。全海涛的主要研究领域是热力学统计物理和量子物理的基本问题。在量子热力学和量子相变领域取得了若干项有一定国际影响的研究成果。他先后获得过的奖励和荣誉包括：国家自然科学奖二等奖（第二完成人）（2008年），全国百篇优秀博士学位论文奖（2009年），国家杰出青年科学基金（2018年）。他指导的多名博士生获得北京大学优秀博士论文奖和北京大学优秀毕业生荣誉称号。他还担任国际学术期刊Thermo-X和Communications in Theoretical Physics编委和全国统计物理与复杂系统学术委员会委员。
